Tabulating system for typesetting machines



1965 R. c. O'BRIEN ETAL 3,219,267

TABULATING SYSTEM FOR TYPESETTING MACHINES I Filed July 8, 1965 5 Sheets-$heet l 0 6 KEYBOARD & 2 83 PERMUTATION lzo AUXILIARY SWITCHES KEYBOARD SC SC SC SC SC SC LC 'LC LC 2 4 8 PUNCH PICLET UNIT INVENTORS RICHARD C. O'BRIEN 8 RALPH A. PROUD, JR.

ATTORNEYS law/g,

Nov. 23, 1965 R. c. OBRIEN ETAL 3,219,267

TABULATING SYSTEM FOR TYPESETTING MACHINES Filed July 8, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. 23, 1965 R. c. OBRIEN ETAL 3,219,267

TABULATING SYSTEM FOR TYPESETTING MACHINES Filed July 8, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet s z z-s 23456789 +5OOV} RESET .1 RELAY CONTROL I NVENTORS RICHARD C. O'BRIEN a BY RALPH A. PROUD,JR.

I55 KERN-CORRECT =1 RELAY CONTROL +|O0V In: mow WM,M@

ATTORNEYS 1965 R. c. OBRIEN ETAL 3,219,267

TABULATING SYSTEM FOR TYPESETTING MACHINES Filed July 8, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 TAB KEY H6 '5 PICA ACCUMULATOR PUNCH m l/64 POINTS +225v MATRIX m 330 ii 820 :5 K 5:

IN207O m E1 b I: m h 5 2010 F 3 055 J L E "J FROM 75 RESET 23s (FIG-6) 363 PICA ACCUMULATOR +225V OUT 1/8 POINTS 335 I- n I 20o l m 55|oo| 33K :5 :33K I 1. 2w 2w I mzovo 1 'N 1 41 200 2 1 I-SM T i: K 5 l .1: -1 I l l 1 F- I NE I I I 1 2 I00 v2 5 I K :n n I I 1 l E m .J 1

TO GRID 244a? KERN CORRECT 3445 Fl 6 To CATHODE RELAY CONTROL g FOLLOWER 260 155 Tove +22sv +||ov I N VENTORS RICHARD C. O'BRIEN 8 BY RALPH A. PROUD, JR.

TAB STOP PACKAGE (TOP) QZ ATTORNEYS 3,219,267 TAEULATING SYSTEM FOR TYPESETTING MACHINES Richard C. OBrien, Suffolk County, and Ralph A.

Proud, Jr., Staten Island, N.Y., assignors to Harris- Intertype Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Filed July 8, 1963, Ser. No. 293,483 '7 Claims. (Cl. 2347) This invention relates to typesetting machines, and more particularly to tabulating systems for phototypesetting machines.

The present invention is particularly useful in connection with photographic typesetting equipment of the two unit type, where a first unit, generally called a keyboard machine, prepares a coded record such as a perforated tape, and such record is used to control a high speed second machine or unit which sets type by producing, one character at a time, properly sized images of the selected characters on a photographic film. In the keyboard machine Whenever it is desired to tabulate a function code, indicating the tabulating function, is placed on the tape and is repeated a number of times to indicate to the photographic machine that it should space from the position where it first senses or reads the tabulate code until it reaches a predetermined location with respect to a margin of the line, usually the left hand margin. In this manner, columnar material can be prepared at high speed, and the keyboard operator, through provisions hereinafter described, is continually informed of the space which has been used as he composes the line, and particularly as he tabulates during such composition.

Accordingly, the primary object of this invention is to provide a novel tabulating system for typesetting machines.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel code record preparing arrangement used particularly for the control of photographic typesetting machines, and in which provisions are made for producing a control record which will produce tabulating and a photographic typesetting machine operated from such record.

An additional object of the invention is to provide a novel tabulating system, particularly for keyboard operated machines producing perforated record tape for typesetting machines, wherein the tabulating function is controled automatically by the keyboard operator merely by inserting suitable electronic circuit packages in appropriate locations on a stop matrix, whereby the operator can insert such electronic stop control units at any desired positions in the matrix according to the location within the line desired for tabulation, and whereby manipulation of the tabulated key on the keyboard will thereafter cause the machine to space to the next stop control unit while at the same time forming an appropriate code in the perforated record tape.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the general arrangement of a keyboard machine for producing control record tapes used to operate photographic typesetting machines in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the general arrangement of a control and computing disc as used in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the tabulating apparatus as incorporated in the keyboard machine;

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are circuit diagrams showing details of certain of the items incorporated in FIG. 3;

*nited States Patent 0 "ice FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of one of the tape stop control packages or plug-in units; and

FIG. 8 is a diagram of the perforator controls and portions of the auxiliary keyboard.

Keyboard machines The keyboard machine, as seen in FIG. 1, includes a main keyboard 10 which may be conveniently a conventional typewriter keyboard, and which has a number of keys for selection of different characters, as Well as a space bar which is operated in the usual manner whenever an interword space is required. Manipulation of the keyboard produces an ordinary typewritten text permitting the operator to observe his work as he proceeds with the composition.

The keyboard machine also includes an auxiliary keyboard 20 having a number of keys 22 (FIG. 8) which are manipulated in accordance with different function codes desired. The keyboard governs a conventional tape perforator 27, and the paper tape 28 passes through the perforator to form a coded control record which may be used for automatic operation of a typesetting machine. Adjacent to the keyboard, there is a tabulator matrix 35, which is described in detail hereafter.

As is known, the various characters which make up a font of type are alloted space in accordance with their relative widths. One advantage of phototypesetting equipment is the fact that one master font may be enlarged or reduced photographically thereby obtaining a variety of sizes of characters of the same font from a single matrix or set of photographic objects. However, such optical change requires allowance for variation in the image size of characters at different enlargements. This is achieved by determining the relative unit width of any selected character and multiplying the width by a point set factor, which is a function of the photographic enlargement or reduction. The product of this multiplication is representative of the actual width of the image of each selected character. The present invention preferably utilizes unit measurement and point set factors selected such that actual widths of individual characters are represented by a digital output in picas and fractions of a pica (hereafter called piclets). Details of the space computing device are disclosed in copending application Serial No. 39,858, filed June 30, 1960, now issued as US. Patent No. 3,141,395 to applicants assignee.

For determining the unit width of selected characters and computing the actual Widths, the keyboard 10 is provided with conventional encoding apparatus, as in the form of permutation switches 48 shown schematically in FIG. 1. There are seven lines 48a-48g from switches 48, buffered through diodes 48r into the first seven of eight encoding lines 5lla5tlh, on one or more of which a suitable electric potential or signal may be applied. The lines 48a-g are also connected respectively to seven buffer amplifier units 2511-25 and these in turn are connected to preset the individual stages of a binary counter 55, which has a dual function. The stages of this counter may be in the form of conventional Eccles-Jordan or similar flip-flop stages connected in cascade. The individual stages of counter 55 are designated SCI, SCZ, 8C4, 8C8, SC16, S032 and SC64.

Counter 55 performs two functions: (a) it cooperates with other circuitry to select the unit space information pertaining to a character identified by an input code through the buffer amplifier ZSa-g and, (b) it cooperates with other apparatus and circuitry in computing the actual space information for each character.

Space selection The unit space information is provided by a six digit binary code formed as light controlling portions on a rotating space code disc 60 which is fixed to a rotating shaft 62 driven by motor 63. The code is formed by having line transmitting slits (or inversely opaque marks) on the disc 60 in each of the six code positions, these positions being individual bands at different radii from the center of the disc. The selected unit spacing information is read by flashing a high speed flash lamp 65, by a flash control unit 67, to energize appropriate ones of the six pick-up photocells 70, each one of which is positioned in alignment with a respective code position or band. These photocells have six separate output lines '72 which extend to the buffer amplifiers 25ag for presetting the corresponding stages SCZ-SCM of counter 55 in accordance with the selected space code.

Accordingly depressing a key on keyboard sets up a character selection code in lines 50. This code is trans mitted through the rectifiers 48;, which in turn are connected .to the perforator or punch 25, and causes it to punch a code in the tape 28 which identifies the charatcer selected, after which the punch advances the tape one step. Absence of a hole in the eighth (h) channel signifies a character, hence there is no connection from the main keyboard to line 5012. At the same time the selective code passes through the buffer amplifier and presets all seven stages of counter 55 to the identification code number. The unit space code information on the disc 60 is arranged such that the unit space code for a selected character is displaced angularly from a fixed point on the disc by a number of places which is, in the counter of places a complement of the selective code.

This fixed or synchronizing position is determined by a synchronizing mark or slit '73 on a timing and computing disc 75 which is also secured to shaft 62 and in predetermined relation to code disc 60. Mark 72 cooperates with a synchronizing photocell 77 on one side of disc 75 and a continuously illuminated light source (not shown) on the opposite side of that disc to produce a synchronizing pulse, one for each revolution of the discs 60 and 75. This pulse is transmitted through line 80 to a control gate circuit G1 which in turn is controlled by, and follows, a flip-flop circuit F1. When flip-flop F1 is in its zero state, G1 is closed and will not pass the pulses transmitted thereto. When the state of F1 is reversed, G1 is open, and pulses from line 80 pass on through line 82 to a second control flip-flop F2. F1 is normally in its zero state, closing G1, but will switch and open G1 in response to transmission of an initiating pulse through line 83 from the keyboard. A pulse is transmitted through this line each time a character is selected by depression of any key.

The timing disc 75 also has pulse generating marks about its entire periphery, as shown in FIG. 2, in a separate band from the synchronizing mark. The timing marks cooperate with the aforementioned light source and photocell $5 to generate timing pulses in line 37 which are transmitted to a further gate circuit G2 connected to follow flip-flop F2. F2 is normally in its zero state, and holds gate G2 normally closed. Timing pulses will not pass through G2 until F2 is switched by receiving a pulse from line 82 through gate G1. A signal pulse through line 82 will switch F2, opening G2 and pulses from line 87 will pass through G2 and its output line 90 to the input on stage 5C1 of counter 55. At the same time, a reset pulse will pass through a parallel output line 91 to F1, causing it to revert to its normal zero state and G1 will again close. Timing pulses continue to pass through G2 into counter 55 until it fills up.

For example, assuming that the binary code for a selected character is 0010100 (corresponding to 20 in decimal numbers), in order to fill up the counter 55 one hundred seven (107) additional pulses must be received, at which time the counter will read 1111111. The next or the one hundred eighth (108th) pulse will clear counter 55 and cause an output pulse at its output line 94 which Is connected to the input of a flip-flop circuit F3, and at the same time a reset pulse will pass through line 95 to reset F2 to its zero state, closing G2.

F3 is connected through line 98 to control the operation of the flash control unit or circuit 67, such that the flash control unit follows the state of F3. Therefore, F3 normally holds the flash control unit deenergized, but a pulse through the counter output 94 causes F3 to change its state and a pulse is transmitted through line 98 causing the flash control unit to produce an instantaneous flash of light from the flash lamp 65, as the space code information in the one hundred eighth (108th) position past the synchronizing or starting position (mark 72) is aligned with the photocell read-out bank 70 The pulse generated by one or more of these photocells will be transmitted through the six-wire cable 72 to the respective buffer amplifiers 25bg, to preset the last six stages SC2SC64 of the counter. These last stages of the counter now function in cooperation with computing disc 75 to compute the actual space to be occupied by an image of the just selected character at a given point set.

Actual space computing The space computing operation proceeds as follows. When F3 changed its state and the flash control unit 67 operated, this also produced a signal in line 102 causing the normally closed gate circuits G3 and G4 to open. The input to counter 55 is now through G3 into the stage SC2, from line 105 which receives impulses from the units photocell 107 cooperating with units pulse generating marks 108 (FIG. 2) on disc 75. There is one units mark for each quadrant, or four for each complete revolution of disc 75. Pulses generated by photocell 107 thus pass through line 105 to gate G3, and thence into stage 5C2 of counter 55 to accumulate therein and eventually to fill up the last six stages of this counter, which have now been preset to a binary number representing the unit or relative space width of the previously selected character.

The input to gate G4 is from a piclets photocell 110 which transmits pulses through line 112 to G4, and when this gate is open, to the input line 115 of a reversible line length accumulator counter 118, comprising twelve binary stages identified as LC1-LC2048. The piclets input pulses to this counter each represent a discrete fraction of a pica, which is a standard printers measurement equalling one-sixth of an inch.

There are a number of diiferent radial zones or hands from which the piclets photocell 110 may read selectively, these various bands being shown in FIG. 2. Selection is accomplished conveniently by moving photocell 110 into alignment with a desired one of the bands of piclets pulse generating marks 121-124, such that a greater or lesser number of piclets pulses will be generated by the photocell between successive units pulses generated by the photocell 107.

As the units pulses are accumulated in counter 55, this counter will begin to fill, and the number of units pulses required to fill it will be the complement of the unit space code preset into counter 55 from the photocell band 70. When the counter is filled from the units pulses input through G3, then the next units pulse will pass through line 94 to F3, causing it to revert to its normal state and close gate circuits G3 and G4. The total number of pulses transmitted through G4 to the accumulator counter 118 during this interval will thus be a digital input the sum of which is the total actual space to be occupied by the image of the selected character. This information is stored in the counter 118 for each selected character, subsequently received space information being added to that already stored in the counter to maintain a summation of the space in the line of composition to be occupied by the character images.

interword space counter Similarly, every time there is an interword space in the line of composition, the operator presses the usual bar, and this action causes a pulse to be transmitted to an output line 120, which may pass through a part of the auxiliary keyboard 20, and thence to transmit a pulse to the input onthe first stage of a word space counter 125, comprising six cascade connected binary stages WCll-WC32. This counter contains a summation of the number of interword spaces in the line of composition. At the same time, through operation of the space bar, a code is set up in the output lines 50ah through connections in the auxiliary keyboard, and passed to the perforator 27, to produce a code word in the tape 23 indicating presence of an interword space which can be modified to justify the line.

The accumulator counter 113 can be preset to a given line length, by manipulating suitable controls (not shown) to preset at least the last few stages of that counter to the complement of the desired line length in picas. As the space to be occupied by the character images accumulates in this counter, it is in effect added to such complement, and the capacity of the counter reduces accordingly until at the end of the line it contains a binary number which represents that space in the line to be divided among the interword spaces for producing a justified line. This information, as well as the summation in the interword space counter 125, is then transmitted when composition of the line is completed, to the end of line control. Before discussing the details of such control, the manner in which the information is obtained from counters 118 and 125 will be described, as well as the manner in which these counters may be operated in reverse to accomplish erasure, the necessary subtraction of the actual space of the character erased, and reversal for the purposes of subtracting space in a kerning operation.

Tape perforating control The basic construction of the tape perforator is of known design, and is commercially available. Broadly, it embodies eight individual perforators or punches which are aligned across the path of travel of tape 28 according to the eight channels of information. These channels are designated by the numeral 51) and letters a through It on FIG. 8. Each individual punch of the perforator has an enabling solenoid, and these are marked Z7a27h in FIG. 8. During a. perforating cycle energizing of any one of these solenoids will result in its punch placing a hole in the paper tape in the corresponding channel.

The power for operating the punches is provided by a motor 175 which is continuously running whenever the keyboard machine is in normal use. This motor has a one revolution clutch 1'77 on its output shaft which is under the control of clutch solenoid 178. It will be understood that the output shaft 179 from the clutch operates the punches which are controlled by the solenoids 27a27h, although this is not shown in the drawings. In addition, this shaft is connected to rotate a cycle control cam, the functions of which will be described hereafter. The punch control solenoids are connected in the plate circuits of individual control thyratrons Tilda-13011, and the grid circuit of each of these thyratrons is coupled into the eight respective lines Sila- 5011 which constitute the output of the main and auxiliary keyboards, the former being connected through the diodes 48;' (FIGS. 1 and 8). The plate circuits of all of the thyratrons Willa-18011 are connected through a corresponding isolating diode 182(1-18211 into the ground line 184 of clutch solenoid 178. Thus, when any one of the thyratrons is conducting, clutch 178 will have a connection to ground through it. A switch 185, normally open, is connected between line 184 and ground and can be closed by the operator if he wishes to ad- Vance tape through the perforator without punching any holes in the tape.

The clutch solenoid and each of the punch control solenoid 27a-27h is connected to a power supply line 197 which in turn leads to the power control switch 188 operated by cam 1% on the clutch shaft 179. This cam is arranged so that when the perforator completes one cycle of operation switch 188 is closed, providing a power supply through the various solenoid coils to the plate circuits of the thyratrons. When the clutch solenoid 178 is energized and shaft 179 makes one revolution cam will open switch 133, breaking the power supply and extinguishing whatever ones of the thyratrons are conducting a well as breaking the circuit to the clutch solenoid.

Tabulating system In the keyboard machine, the tabulating system functions similar to the tabulating system 'on a standard typewriter. That is, the carriage can be advanced to a predetermined stop by depressing the tab key. In a typewriter movable mechanical stops are arranged to stop the carriage. In the system used on the keyboard machine herein stops in the form of plug-in electronic units are inserted into tabulator matrix 35 (FIGS. 1 and 4) in predetermined positions. When the tab key is depressed, the perforator punches a series of tab codes in tape 28 which will cause the carriage of the photographic machine to advance up to a first predetermined position. Any number of positions or stops may be selected, and each time the tab key is depressed in any one line, the system will function to place the proper number of tab codes in the tape to advance the carriage of the photographic machine to the next predetermined stop. As an example, in the present system the stop locations are measured with respect to the left margin in one-half pica increments.

The tab code used herein is 10910001, the significant portion of this code number being holes in the a, d, and 11 positions, and absence of the hole in the 1) position or channel. During a tabulating operation, this code is punched every time the one pica stage of the accumulator counter passes through a one-half pica count (including Zero) relative to the left margin.

The tabulating matrix 35 is a plurality of columns (five in the present illustration) of four-receptacle female plugs, there being twenty such receptacles for each row providing a possible tab location at every one-half pica increment, with a capacity for a line of fifty picas in length. The compositor or keyboard operator has available to him a number of tab stop plugs 22%}, each one of which is a small circuit unit such as shown in FIG. 7, having four plug outlets which fit into the corresponding receptacles at any one of the one hundred positions in the matrix. Thus, the operator can insert one or more of such plug units 22f} at the appropriate positions, and each time he depresses the tabulate key 225 (FIG. 3), the keyboard machine will cause the perforator 27 to punch the tabulate code in the tape the necessary number of times, and a corresponding amount of space used will be transmitted as the corresponding number of pulses into the accumulator counter 118.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the keyboard tabulating system and FIGS. 46 are schematic circuit diagrams of the various units of the tabulating system, showing also their connection into other portions of the keyboard machine. For purposes of describing the operation, some examples of a tabulating operation will be assumed. Assuming that the first tab stop is desired at two picas from the left margin, one of th plug units 220 is inserted into the two pica position (fifth from the top in the first or left-hand column on FIG. 4). When the operator wants to tabulate to this position, he merely depresses tab key 225 as he would on an ordinary typewriter. Tube VlLA and its associated circuit (FIGS. 3 and 5) constitute a pulse generator 227 of the blocking oscillator type. This generator is turned off and on selectively by the thyratron control circuit 230 which includes thyratron V4, also shown in FIG. 5 together with its circuit components.

Normally, thyratron V4 is on or conducting, and holds pulse generator 227 in its off condition. When the tab key 225 is pressed, it completes a direct circuit between ground and the plate of V4, extinguishing the thyratron, and this in turn causes pulse generator 227 to begin transmitting pulses through its output line 232. This line is connected to apply pulse to the stage LCl of the accumulator counter 118, it being understood that one pulse into this first stage of the accumulator counter has a value of %.;th of a pica. Thus the pulse generator provides a driving means for th accumulator. The output of stage LC8 is coupled through an inverter isolation amplifier 233 (shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3) to the input of an auxiliary one-quarter pica counter 235, details of which are shown in HS. 6, and include the dual triode V2. Therefore, for every one-half pica of accumulated pulses, an output is obtained from the counting binary 235, it being noted that this output includes either of two lines 237 connected through isolating circuits and including the relay switch 238 which is controlled by the correct kern relay 155. It should be noted that piclet pulses are available at the input to the first stage LCl of the accumulator counter from either the pulse generator 227 or the input line 115 in the character space computer system.

Since the tabulate code should be punched in tape 28 for every one-half pica of space accumulation during the tabulating cycle only, the pulses available from the output of the auxiliary binary 235 are applied to the control grid of tube ViB (FIG. 5) which forms part of a punch matrix gate circuit 240. Normally, with thyratron V4 conducting, it will clamp gate VIB closed preventing any output to the punch matrix. Only during a tabulating cycle is thyratron V4 in its oif condition permitting pulse generator 227 to be on and gate circuit 240 to be open. Then, for every one-half pica of space accumulation durin a tabulating cycle a positive pulse from gate 240 is applied to the punch matrix, and this will cause the tabulate code to be punched in tape 28, and since the perforator will cycle, it will advance the tape one step at the same time.

The output of the auxiliary binary 235 is also applied through the contacts of relay switch 238 (the kerncorrect relay) and through phasing network 244, of which details are shown in FIG. 6, to one of the output lines 244a or 2442) (FIGS. 4 and 6), also selected by the kern-correct relay through its switches 238a and 23%, and thence to the input of two cascaded indicating decimal counters. Counter tube V5 together with its circuit components makes up the units counter 245, and tube V6, together with its circuit components makes up the tens counter 250. Tube V5 has an output 247 on its 9 cathode which goes to the forward contact of a further kern-correct relay 238a, and an output 248 on its cathode to the reverse Contact of this switch, and the common contact of switch 232% in turn leads to the grid of tube V38 in the intermediate carry amplifier 252.

The output of the carry amplifier 252 is directed to switches 238d and 238e, which are further switches of the kern-correct relay, and one or the other of the common contacts of these switches transmits a carry pulse to tube V6 of the tens counter 250.

On output is available on any one of the ten cathodes (number 0-9) of each counter tube V and V6, corresponding to the actual count in half-picas. Normally, the cathodes of the counter tubes are held at minus 20 volts, except the one cathode in each tube that is producing an output. In the example this output is a steady state DC. voltage of +10 volts.

Recalling that in the example a tab stop plug unit is in the two pica position in the matrix, if at the beginning of a line the operator presses the tabulate key this will cause pulse generator 227 to begin generating pulses and at each one-half pica advance of the accumulator counter the gate 240 Will send a pulse to the perforator, causing the tabulate code to be punched into the tape. When the output of the decimal counter reaches two picas there will be an output voltage on cathode number four of V5 and on the zero cathode of V6. The circuit of the tab stop plug in unit 220 comprises an and gate, and it will produce an output from line 255 of the first column of the matrix to the common output line 257 of the matrix which leads to the grid of the tube V3A in cathode follower circuit 260. The output line 262 of the cathode follower is coupled to the grid of thyratron V4 in the control circuit 236. Therefore, when the count in the pica counter coincides with a tab stop, a positive pulse is applied to the grid of V4 and it will be triggered, turning oh the pulse generator 227 and closing the punch matrix gate circuit 240 to prevent further pulses from passing either to the accumulator counter or to the perforator. The tabulating cycle being completed, the thyratron V4 will remain on until the start of the next tabulating cycle. In order to provide for use of more than one plug-in stop circuit in the matrix 35, each such stop unit includes an isolating diode 221 (FIG. 7).

At the end of a line the counters V5 and V6 may be at any condition depending upon the length of line desired. Accordingly, it is necessary to reset counter tubes V5 and V6 and for this purpose the relay 2'65 (FIG. 4) has its switches 265a, 265b and 2650 normally grounded, and arranged when shifted by energization of the relay coil to apply a pulse to the number nine cathodes of both tubes, resulting in a preset count of 99 in the counter. Since the first four stages of the accumulator counter' 133, and the auxiliary stage 234, are all reset to the one condition and the picas counter, as aforementioned, is reset to 99 during an end of line cycle, one piclet of accumulation will result in a zero condition in both counters. Since the accumulator counter 113 and the pica counter (consisting of the decade counters 245 and 250) must remain in step throughout composition, the pica counter must also be capable of subtracting spaces. The contacts of the kern-correct relays which have been described in the tabulating circuit enable the pica counter to subtract space during kerning or correcting operation.

Auxiliary keyboard FIG. 8, in addition to showing the controls for the perforator, also shows schematically the arrangement of the auxiliary keyboard and various encoding circuits controlled thereby. For example, provisions are made to form a function code in the perforated tape record identifying the location of each justified word space in a line of composition, it being understood that this term means a word space which can be adjusted in width to justify the line. The code employed to indicate a justified word space is 10100001. The selection key for this purpose is the key 360 which controls a double pole switch 301 having a common connection to the line 120. This line in turn extends to the word space switch (designated W.S.) which is normally open and closes each time the space bar on the keyboard is operated.

Accordingly, with the switch 301 in its normal position as shown, every time the space bar is operated, the justified word space code will be formed in the perforated tape. If switch 301 is moved to its other position, this completes a circuit from line into a common supply line 305 having a plurality of parallel connections to normally open contacts of switches 310315. Each of these switches is controlled by a corresponding key, and these keys represent, (and are appropriately marked), standard spaces on a relative basis, i.c., in ems, as labeled on the drawing. One of these switches will be closed by the operator by punching the appropriate key, and thus when switch 301 is in its standard word space position, every time the word space switch is closed an appropriate code will be set up in the character selection matrix lines 48ag, and space will be calculated according to the point set factor being then used, and the same code will be fed into the punch code matrix lines tiah, through the diodes 4dr and the appropriate standard space selection code will be punched into the tape. The typesetting machine to be controlled by the tape will recognize such code and compute the space to be alloted accordingly, without producing any character in this space.

The kern key 320 controls switches 321 and 322. The latter switch forms the kern code 00001011 in the encoding matrix lines 505141, and switch 321 completes, to ground, a circuit through line 324 which energizes the reversing relay 155. As previously mentioned, this relay sets up reverse counting connections in the line length accumulator counter 1118, and in the interword space counter, and it also completes reversing circuits in the tabulator controls, particularly in the phasing network 244, and in the inputs to the units and tens counters 245 and 256, respectively. It is possible subsequently, for example as explained in copending application, Serial No. 241,427, filed August 1, 1962, to insert appropriate space to be subtracted for purposes of kerning, by manipulating one or more of the keys controlling the switches 310-315.

in a similar manner, the correct key 325 controls switches 326 and 327. The former switch completes to ground the energizing circuit for the reverse relay 155. The switch 327 completes the rubout code circuit into the encoding matrix 50 a-h, and causes the erasing or rubout code to be formed on the tape. This code is 11111111, and it will blot out any erroneous code over which it is placed. This operation also is described in said copending application.

In addition, there are three switches 33d, 331 and 332, each individually controlled by separate keys which are appropriately labeled, to form control or function codes on the tape which will (a) instruct the machine being controlled by the tape to cut film, (b) skip over the perforated tape, or (c) stop and monitor, as by producing an audible and/or visual signal which will direct the operators attention to the fact that the machine requires his attention for some special purpose.

The tabulate code, which is 10010001, is punched into the tape, as previously mentioned, each time there is an output from the punch matrix gate circuit 240.

Finally, there are two function control switches 34c and 341, controlled by the auxiliary keys labeled Reject and N on-] ust. These keys relate to functions of the end of line control, shown schematically in FIG. 1, and their specific operation forms no part of the present invention. It should be noted, however, that operation of the reject key and closing of switch 315 will form an end of line code which will instruct the machine operating from the tape to disregard the line, or part of a line, previously recorded on the tape. This may be done for example when the compositor operating the keyboard finds that he must change point size, or that he has made an error that cannot readily be corrected by use of the correction key and its associated functions. The nonjust key will close switch 34-1 to form a special end of line code, signifying that the preceding line coded into the tape should be reproduced without being justified, and in such instance the machine reading the tape will determine that certain standard interword spaces are to be inserted, according to instructions coded into the tape.

Summary Accordingly the present invention provides a novel tabulating arrangement for tyesetting machines. The keyboard permutation switches, and the selector counter together with the circuits coupling these parts to the perforator or punch constitute a means for selecting characters and interword spaces to form lines of composition,

and to produce a record, i.e., the perforated tape, which identifies in code form the characters and interword spaces in their order of selection. The space computing disc, together with the circuits connecting it to the selector counter, form a means for computing the actual space of the characters used in composition of a line, and the line length accumulator counter provides a storage for such space, maintaining a continuous sum of space used as composition of a line proceeds. Of course, if the space information can be related directly to character selection, as in the case where it is not necessary to determine the actual space used but rather it is desired only to account for space on a relative basis, then it is possible to supply space information to the accumulator counter on a relative basis without computation of actual space at the time each character is selected.

The circuit matrix in the tabulator control functions as a device for affording connections, according to regular increments of space, for the and gate circuits or plug-in units. Since the space counter provided by tubes V5 and V6 is connected to follow the accumulator counter, and since these tubes have appropriate connections to the circuit matrix for each digit which they are able to count, the circuit matrix in effect provides selectable inputs for the tabulator and gate circuits at any one of a plurality of points along the line being computed. In practice, the input connections corresponding to every half pica of space, as illustrated, have been found suitable.

Thus, once the operator actuates the tabulator key this sets into operation the tabulate pulse generator which in turn functions to supply spacing pulse into the line length accumulator counter and in turn the tabulator counter follows the accumulator counter and the respective circuit connections in the tabulate circuit matrix are enabled or energized in sequence. Of course, the pulse generator continues to operate until the tabulator counter advances to that circuit matrix connection wherein the next and gate plug unit has been placed. When this position is reached the and gate will disable the pulse generator immediately, and the space information supplied into the accumulator counter will be sufficient to advance to the next desired tabulate position, where a new column is to begin. In the meantime, for each one-half pica space advance by the accumulator counter there is a tabulate code punched into the record tape, and thus a machine arranged to read the tape can from this information operate accordingly to advance to the next tabulate or column beginning position.

While the method and form of apparatus herein described constitutes preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise method and form of apparatus, and that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

ll. In apparatus for preparing a code record used to control typesetting machines, the combination of means for selecting characters in predetermined sequence to form lines of composition, recording means operated by said selecting means to form a code record of characters and interword spaces, a space accumulator responsive to operation of said selecting means and operating to total space used as composition of a line proceeds, a tabulator control including a digital counter and a circuit matrix having input connections to said counter corresponding to each digit which said counter is capable of counting, a following connection between said accumulator and said counter causing said counter to maintain a count corresponding to the amount of space totaled in said accumulator, a normally inactive space pulse generating circuit in said tabulator control connected to direct space pulses into said accumulator, switch means operative in response to selection of a tabulating function to actuate said pulse generating circuit, selectively operable circuit ill connections between said circuit matrix and said pulse generating circuit for causing said pulse generating circuit to revert to its inactive state when said counter attains a count corresponding to the connections made into said circuit matrix, and a connection between said pulse generating circuit and said recording means operative to form tabulating function code in said code record.

2. In apparatus for preparing a code record used to control typesetting machines, the combination of a keyboard providing means for selecting characters in predetermined sequence to form lines of composition and including a tabulating key, recording means ope-rated by said selecting means to form a code record of characters and interword spaces, a space accumulator responsive to operation of said selecting means and operating to total space used as composition of a line proceeds, a tabulator control including a digital counter and a circuit matrix having a plurality of normally open input connections to said counter corresponding to each digit which said counter is capable of counting, a following connection between said accumulator and said counter causing said counter to maintain a count corresponding to the amount of space totaled in said accumulator, a normally inactive space pulse generating circuit connected to direct space pulses into said accumulator, switch means operated by said tabulating key to actuate said pulse generating circuit, means for selectively completing different circuit connections between said circuit matrix and said pulse generating circuit for causing said pulse generating circuit to revert to its inactive state when said counter attains a count corresponding to the connections made into said circuit matrix, and a connection between said pulse generating circuit and said recording means operative to form a tabulating function code in said code record.

3. In apparatus for preparing a coded perforated tape used to control typesetting machines, the combination of a keyboard including means for selecting characters in predetermined sequence to form lines of composition having a tabulating key, a tape perforator operated by said selecting means to form a code tape record of characters and interword spaces, and accumulator counter respon sive to operation of said selecting means and operating to total space used as composition of a line proceeds, a tabulator control including a tabulator counter and a circuit matrix having input connections to said counter corresponding to the successive digits which said counter is capable of counting and representing predetermined locations in a line of composition, a following connection between said accumulator counter and said tabulator counter causing said tabulator counter to maintain a count corresponding to the amount of space totaled in said accumulator, a normally inactive space pulse generating circuit in said tabulator control connected to direct space pulses into said accumulator, switch means operative in response to selection of a tabulating function to actuate said pulse generating circuit, selectively operable circuit connections between said circuit matrix and said pulse generating circuit for causing said pulse generating circuit to revert to its inactive state when said tabulator counter attains a count corresponding to the connections made into said circuit matrix, and a connection between said pulse generating circuit and said perforator operative to form a tabulating function code in said code record.

Apparatus for preparing a control record for typesetting machines, comprising a keyboard including a tabulator key, an encoding device operated by said keyboard to produce codes identifying selected characters and interword spaces in their order of selection to form lines of composition, a code tape perforator, connections between said encoding device and said perforator to cause said perforator to form a code tape identifying characters and interword spaces in the order of selection, means operative from said keyboard to determine the space occupied by the individual selected characters and including an accumulator counter arranged to total the space occupied in a line by the characters as composition proceeds, a circuit matrix having a plurality of input connections corresponding to increments of space in a line, means providing a following connection between said accumulator counter and said matrix to form active circuit connections in said matrix corresponding to the space used during composition of a line, a space pulse generating circuit having an output connection to said accumulator counter and having a control connection to said circuit matrix, a tabulator control actuated by said tabulating key to initiate operation of said pulse generating circuit, and a gate circuit adapted for connection to any selected one of said input connections of said circuit matrix and operative to produce a control output to disable said pulse generating circuit when the amount of space totaled in said accumulator counter during operation of said tabulator control reaches an amount corresponding to the input matrix connection to which said and gate circuit is connected, and a connection between said pulse generating circuit and said perforator operative to form tabulating function codes in the control tape while said accumulator counter is advanced by said tabulating control.

5. Apparatus for preparing a control record for typesetting machines, comprising a keyboard including a tabulator key, an encoding device operated by said keyboard to produce codes identifying selected characters and interword spaces in their order of selection to form ines of composition, a code tape perforator, connections between said encoding device and said perforator to cause said perforator to form a code tape identifying characters and interword spaces in the order of selection, means operative from said keyboard to determine space occupied by the individual selected characters and including an accumulator counter arranged to total the space occupied in a line by the characters as composition proceeds, a circuit matrix having a plurality of input connections corresponding to increments of space in a line, a tabulator counter connected to follow said actabulator counter and said matrix to form active circuit connections in asid matrix, a space pulse generating circuit having an output connection to said accumulator counter and having a control connection to said circuit matrix, a tabulator control actuated by said tabulating key to initiate operation of said pulse generating circuit, at least one and gate circuit adapted for connection to a selected one of said input connections of said matrix and operative to produce a control output to disable said pulse generating circuit when the amount of space totaled in said tabulator counter reaches a predetermined amount corresponding to the input matrix connection to which said and gate circuit is connected, and a connection between said pulse generating circuit and said perforator operative to form tabulating function codes in the control tape during the operation of said pulse generating circuit.

6. Apparatus for preparing a coded control record for use in the automatic operation of a typesetting machine, comprising a keyboard having a tabulator key, an encoding device operated by said keyboard to produce unique codes identifying selected characters and inter word spaces in their order of selection and to produce function control codes including a tabulating code, a code tape perforator, connections between said encoding device and said perforator to cause said perforator to form a code tape according to the order of operation of said keyboard, means operative from said keyboard to determine the space actually to be occupied by printed images of the selected characters and including an accumulator counter constructed to total the actual space occupied in a line by the characters as composition proceeds, a tabulator circuit matrix having a plurality of input connections corresponding to increments of space in a line, a digital tabulator counter connected to maintain a count corresponding to the space total in said accumulator counter at all times during operation of said 13 keyboard, circuit connections between said tabulator counter and said matrix providing in said matrix one active circuit connection at all times corresponding to the position in the line at which composition is proceeding, a normally inoperative space pulse generator circuit having a connection to the input of said accumulator counter independent of said space determining means, a control for said pulse generator including means operable by said tabulator key to initiate operation of said pulse generator and a control connection to all of said input connections of said circuit matrix through which a signal may be transmitted to stop said generator, at least one and gate circuit adapted for connection to any selected one of said input connections of said matrix and operative to produce a control output signal through said control connection to stop said pulse generator when the circuit matrix input to which it is connected becomes active thereby to disable said pulse generator when the 14- space totalled in said tabulator counter reaches a predetermined amount, and a connection between said pulse generator and said perforator operative to form tabulating function codes in the control tapes at regular intervals during the operation of said pulse generator.

'7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6, including means operative in response to completion of a line of composition to reset said tabulator counter and clear from it the count therein at the end of the previously composed line.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,838,114 6/1958 Goetz et al 234-4 3,127,098 3/1964 Brewer 234-125 X WILLIAM W. DYER, In, Primary Examiner.

WILLIAM S. LAWSON, Examiner. 

1. IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING A CODE RECORD USED TO CONTROL TYPESETTING MACHINES, THE COMBINATION OF MEANS FOR SELECTING CHARACTERS IN PREDETERMINED SEQUENCE TO FORM LINES OF COMPOSITION, RECORDING MEANS OPERATED BY SAID SELECTING MEANS TO FORM A CODE RECORD OF CHARACTERS AND INTERWORD SPACES, A SPACE ACCUMULATOR RESPONSIVE TO OPERATION OF SAID SELECTING MEANS AND OPERATING TO TOTAL SPACE USED AS COMPOSITION OF A LINE PROCEEDS A TABULATOR CONTROL INCLUDING A DIGITAL COUNTER AND A CIRCUIT MATRIX HAVING INPUT CONNECTIONS TO SAID COUNTER CORRESPONDING TO EACH DIGIT WHICH SAID COUNTER IS CAPABLE OF COUNTING, A FOLLOWING CONNECTION BETWEEN SAID ACCUMULATOR AND SAID COUNTER CAUSING SAID COUNTER TO MAINTAIN A COUNT CORRESPONDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SPACE TOTALED IN SAID ACCUMULATOR, A NORMALLY INACTIVE SPACE PULSE GENERATING CIRCUIT IN SAID TABULATOR CONTROL CONNECTED TO DIRECT SPACE PULSES INTO SAID ACCUMULATOR, SWITCH MEANS OPERATIVE IN RESPONSE TO SELECTION OF A TABULATING FUNCTION TO ACTUATE SAID PULSE GENERATING CIRCUIT, SELECTIVELY OPERABLE CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SAID CIRCUIT MATRIX AND SAID PULSE GENERATING CIRCUIT FOR CAUSING SAID PULSE GENERATING CIRCUIT TO REVERT TO ITS INACTIVE STATE WHEN SAID COUNTER ATTAINS A COUNT CORRESPONDING TO THE CONNECTIONS MADE INTO SAID CIRCUIT MATRIX, AND A CONNECTION BETWEEN SAID PULSE GENERATING CIRCUIT AND SAID RECORDING MEANS OPERATIVE TO FORM A TABULATING FUNCTION CODE IN SAID CODE RECORD. 